Types And Causes Of Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Contamination is the start of a loss into the mood doing it difficult to do life on Earth conceivable to draw out. Contamination is the introduction of a tainting into the earth. It is made to a great extent by human activities, yet can other than be a result of regular disasters. Contamination has a harming result on any living being in a situation, doing it for all intents and purposes difficult to drag out life. Contamination hurts the Earth ‘s condition and its kin from various perspectives. Nearness of issue ( gas, fluid, strong ) or vitality ( heat, clamor, radiation ) whose nature, area, or measure straight or by implication adjusts highlights or methods of any segment of the earth, and causes ( or has the conceivable to do ) damage to the status, wellbeing, security, or open help of enliven creatures, universes, workss, or things. The introduction of pollutions into a regular habitat that causes shakiness, upset, injury or awkwardness to theA environment for example Physical frameworks or populating organisms.A Pollution can take the signifier ofA compound substancesA orA vitality, for example, commotion, heat, or noticeable radiation. Poisons, the components of contamination, can be remote substances or energies, or obviously happening ; when obviously occurring, they are viewed as defilements when they surpass regular degrees. Contamination is oftentimes classed asA point sourceA orA nonpoint starting contamination. There are two sorts of the reason for contamination, characteristic and man-made. Regular contamination happens obviously and wo n't do over the top injury to our lives because of its recovery capacity. While the semisynthetic contamination is brought about by human exercises, and difficult to procure free of. The grapples of semisynthetic contamination are human populace and building. Normally h uman needs contact to the earth, we get assets from nature. This is for the enthusiasm of life. By the expansion of human populace, the contact is obtaining progressively serious, in light of the fact that requests are expanding. What's more, by the discoveries and improvement of new engineerings, human can utilize them to secure the assets. Furthermore, it ‘s regular that new engineerings would pass on their few symptoms other than their advantages.TYPES OF POLLUTIONAIR POLLUTION WATER POLLUTION Commotion POLLUTION LIGHT POLLUTION LAND POLLUTION MARINE POLLUTION Warm POLLUTION Boat POLLUTION RADIATION POLLUTIONAir contamination is the growth of unsafe substances into the mood that peril human life and other life issue. Air pollutionA is the introduction ofA synthetic substances, A particulate undertaking, orA organic materialsA that cause injury or awkwardness to universes or other life creatures, or amendss theA common environmentA into theA air. The climate is a perplexing powerful common vaporous framework that is fundamental to back up life on planetA Earth.A StratosphericA ozone consumption because of air contamination has for quite some time been perceived as a danger to human wellbeing each piece great with respect to the Earth'sA biological systems. Air is the sea we relax. Air supplies us with O which is key for our natural structures to populate. Air is 99.9 % N, O, H2O fume and idle gases. Human exercises can relinquish substances into the air, some of which can do tasks for universes, workss, and animals.There are a few boss sorts of contamination and notable impacts of contamination which are regularly examined. These incorporate brown haze, acerb downpour, the nursery result, and â€Å" gaps † in the ozone bed. Every one of these occupations has genuine findings for our health and prosperity each piece great with respect to the entire condition. This sort of contamination is now and again alluded to as â⠂¬Å" dark C † contamination. The exhaust from terminating powers in vehicles, spots, and enterprises is a significant start of contamination noticeable all around. A few governments accept that even the ignition of wood and wood coal in hearths and grills can relinquish significant quanitites of carbon dark into the air. Another kind of contamination is the arrival of harmful gases, for example, S dioxide, C monoxide, N oxides, and substance bluess. These can take parcel in farther substance responses once they are in the climate, arranging exhaust cloud and acerb rain.Major essential poisons delivered by human action include:Sulfur oxidesA ( SOx ) †Sulfur dioxide is a concoction compound with the articulation SO2. SO2A is created by vents and in arranged modern systems. Since coal and unrefined petroleum every now and again contain sulfur aggravates, their consuming creates sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxidesA ( NOx ) †Nitrogen dioxideA are transmitted from high temperature consuming. Nitrogen dioxide is the synthetic compound with the articulation NO2. It is one of the few N oxides. This red-earthy colored harmful gas has a trademark fresh, seize with getting teeth olfactory property. NO2A is one of the most extraordinary air poisons. Carbon monoxideA †It is a dull, scentless, non-aggravating however toxicant gas. It is a product by uncomplete consuming of fuel, for example, flammable gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a significant start of C monoxide. Carbon dioxideA ( CO2 ) †It is aA nursery gas which isA transmitted from consuming yet is other than a gas basic toA life creatures. It is a flammable gas in the mood. Unstable natural compoundsA †VOCs are an of import outside air contamination. In this field they are every now and again partitioned into the different classs of methane ( CH4 ) and non-methane ( NMVOCs ) . Methane is an exceptionally effective nursery gas which adds to elevate planetary warming. Other hydrocarbon VOCs are other than significant nursery gases by means of their capacity in making ozone and in extending the life of methane in the atmosphere, despite the fact that the result shifts relying upon neighborhood air quality. ToxicA metals-such asA lead, A cadmiumA andA Cu. ChlorofluorocarbonsA ( CFCs ) †It is unsafe to theA ozone layerA discharged from stocks by and by restricted from use. AmmoniaA ( NH3 ) - Ammonia is transmitted from rural techniques. Alkali is a compound with the articulation NH3. It is normally experienced as a gas with a trademark sharp olfactory property. Smelling salts contributes essentially to the nutritionary requests of terrestrial creatures by working as an antecedent to staple goods and manures. Smelling salts, either straight or by implication, is other than a building obstruct for the blend of numerous pharmaceuticals. In spite of the fact that in wide use, ammonium hydroxide is both acerb and hazardous. OdorsA â€, for example, from decline, sewerage, and modern techniques Radioactive pollutantsA which are delivered byA nuclear explosions, warA explosives, and regular methodology, for example, theA radioactive decayA ofA Rn.Secondary contaminations include:Smog is a kind of air contamination ; the word â€Å" brown haze † is a mix of smoke and mist. Legitimate brown haze results from huge totals of coal burning in a nation brought about by a blend of smoke and S dioxide. Present day brown haze does non regularly originate from coal however from vehicular and mechanical transmissions that are followed up on in the feel by daylight to compose auxiliary toxins that other than consolidate with the essential spreads to sort out photochemical exhaust cloud. Photochemical and concoction responses influencing it drive huge numbers of the synthetic procedures that happen in the feeling by twenty-four hours and by dull. At anomalous high focuses brought roughly by human exercises ( for the most part the consuming of non-renewable energy source ) , it is a contamination, and a segment of brown haze. Peroxyacetyl nitrateA ( PAN ) †similarly shaped from NOxA and VOCs.Minor air contaminations include:A huge figure of minorA unsafe air poisons. A portion of these are managed in USA under theA Clean Air ActA and in Europe under the Air Framework Directive. An arrangement ofA tenacious natural contaminations, which can append to particulate undertaking. Constant natural toxins ( POPs ) are natural aggravates that are resistant to ecological degradation through substance, organic, and photolytic techniques. Along these lines, they have been seen to win in the earth, to be prepared to do long-go movement, bioaccumulate in human and bodily tissue, biomagnify in supplement ironss, and to hold conceivable significant effects on human wellbeing and the environment.Beginnings OF AIR POLLUTIONAnthropogenetic sourcesA ( human action ) generally identified with terminating various sorts ofA fuel â€Å" Stationary Beginnings † incorporate smoke tonss ofA power workss, manufacturing establishments ( plants ) and squander incinerators, each piece great as heaters and different sorts of fuel-consuming warming gadgets â€Å" Mobile Beginnings † includeA engine vehicles, Marine vass, airplane and the outcome of sound and so on. Depletes fromA shade, A hair shower, A varnish, A vaporized spraysA and different dissolvers Squander statement inA landfills, which generateA methane. Methane is non harmful ; by and by, it is amazingly combustible and may compose touchy blends with air. Methane is other than an asphyxiant and may uproot O in an encased endless. Asphyxia or suffocation may result if the O focus is diminished to underneath 19.5 % by displacing. Military, such asA nuclear arms, A harmful gases, A source warfareA andA rocketryNatural beginningsDustA from regular beginnings, ordinarily huge nations of land with little or no verdure. Methane, An emittedA by theA digestionA of supplement byA quicken creatures, for exampleA cowss. RadonA gas from radioactive rot inside the Earth ‘s covering. Radon is a dry, unscented, obviously occurring, radioactive baronial gas that is shaped from the rot of Ra. It is viewed as a wellbeing peril. Radon gas from regular beginnings can move up in structures, especially in bound nations, for example, the basement and it is the second most successive reason for lung dangerous neoplastic infection, after final resting place nail smoke. SmokeA andA C monoxideA fromA fierce blazes. VolcanicA action, which produceA S, A Cl, and ashA particulates.HOW TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTIONThe undermen

A Study in to the Behavioural Aspects of Budgetary Control Process in Dissertation

A Study in to the Behavioral Aspects of Budgetary Control Process in a Manufacturing Organization - Dissertation Example The paper tells when the people and their conduct have begun progressively influencing the budgetary control process, there are conditions in which the changing budgetary control and execution desires influence the worker practices. Anyway it so happens that numerous associations embrace to some degree robotic way to deal with the budgetary control process without the essential thought of the social parts of the individuals engaged with the entire procedure. Hopewood contends, â€Å"Ultimately all types of control must be communicated through the activities of individuals†. It is frequently overlooked that the objectives and destinations of the association must be practiced with the assistance and backing of the people related with the association concerned. In this way it turns out to be crucially significant that the impact of individual conduct on financial plan and the impact of spending plans on the individuals’ game-plan must be deliberately seen to achieve the go als of the association absent a lot of weight on workers and officials at any degree of the association. The weight on people that is being applied by the budgetary procedure for satisfying the exhibition guidelines must be constrained in its degree. In any case such weight itself will get negative in augmenting the commitment by the individual workers. Thus the standards and gauges of execution ought to be fixed to the point that the workers ought to have the option to achieve them with more endeavors. Any out of reach principles fixed by the budgetary procedure will lead just to disappointment among the representatives.

Understanding Suicidal Thoughts in Teens

Understanding Suicidal Thoughts in Teens Depression Suicide Print Understanding Suicidal Ideation in Teens When Teenagers Have Suicidal Thoughts By Kathryn Rudlin, LCSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 01, 2020 Diverse Images / UIG / Getty Images More in Depression Suicide Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Childhood Depression Information presented in this article may be triggering to some people. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call 911 immediately. Suicidal ideation, sometimes referred to as suicidal thoughts, describes thoughts, fantasies, ideas or images related to committing suicide. Contrary to common belief, depression and suicidal thoughts are not limited to adults, but symptoms and warning signs are often different in teens. As a parent, caregiver or friend, the most important thing you can do to support a loved one who is struggling is to learn to recognize what suicidal ideation is, what it looks like in teens, and how to intervene. Passive vs. Active Suicidal Ideation For teens, thoughts of suicide can range from fleeting to making actual plans to end their life. For this reason, mental health professionals discuss suicidal ideation in terms of being either passive or active. Passive suicidal ideation about suicide includes experiencing vague ideas about committing suicide. Suicide is viewed as a possible way to end the pain, but usually, no action is taken. Active suicidal ideation is when a teen experiences persistent thoughts of suicide and continues to feel hopeless. When the ideation is active, a teen begins to take steps to carry out a suicide attempt. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suicide is the second leading cause of death for children, teens, and young adults between the ages of 10 and 24.   Teen Suicide Statistics What Causes Suicidal Thinking in Teens?   Suicidal ideation in teens is often caused by untreated depression or drug misuse and always needs to be taken seriously. Suicidal thoughts and depression often have many causes. Social difficulties, stress, academic pressures, and other concerns facing teens may contribute to suicidal ideation. Other risk factors include: Poor social relationshipsLack of family supportPhysical or sexual abuseSubstance and alcohol misuseHealth issuesBullying Genetic factors can play a role in depression and suicide risk as well. Teen that experience suicidal thoughts are often more likely to have family members who have died by suicide.?? The Dangers of Untreated Depression in Teens Warning Signs of Suicidal Thoughts There are quite a few signs that your teenager may be experiencing suicidal ideation. Be on the lookout for: Isolation and withdrawing from social contact, especially if its suddenBeing self-destructive or engaging in risk-taking behaviorsLooking for and/or acquiring means to commit suicide, such as getting a gun or a lot of medicationExtreme mood swingsFrequently talking about death or dyingSaying things like, I wish I were dead or I wish I had never been bornGiving away possessions for no particular reasonExpressing hopelessness or a feeling of being trapped with no way outChanges in sleeping, eating or other patternsMaking a point to say goodbye to peopleBeginning to use alcohol and/or drugs, or using them more frequentlyChanging obvious characteristics of their personalityBecoming extremely agitated, upset, depressed and/or anxious Remember, warning signs can be different for every individual, and some teens keep these thoughts and feelings to themselves. If you feel like your teenager is showing any of these signs or are not acting like themselves, be sure to consult your physician as soon as possible. Early intervention is important with any mental illness, and if suicide is something your teen is considering, its an emergency situation.   Teen Suicide Warning Signs and Prevention An Example of Suicidal Ideation Ivana, age 15, feels very sad when her best friend moves away and she experiences a deep sense of loneliness and insecurity. One night she finds herself thinking about suicide as a way to end the painful feelings she is having. She pictures herself taking a bottle of pills and drifting into a deep sleep she will not wake up from. When she wakes up the next day her suicidal ideation has changed, she knows it’s an option but is feeling better and decides to call a friend she hasn’t spoken to in a while. What to Do If a teen is experiencing suicidal thoughts, there are steps that parents, friends and guardians can take. For parents: Keep guns and prescription drugs away from children and teens.Watch for signs of substance use and get help immediately if you suspect there is a problem.Talk openly with your teen and let them know that you recognize their pain.Be supportive, understanding and nonjudgmental.Know the warning signs of suicide and depression. Address Untreated Mental Illness If your teen has symptoms of depression, anxiety or another psychiatric condition, talk to your childs pediatrician. While most people with mental health conditions do not attempt suicide, having an undiagnosed or untreated condition along with other risk factors can make suicide more likely. Never Ignore or Make Light of Suicide Threats Dont dismiss suicidal talk as typical teen drama. If a child is making comments such as I might as well kill myself or I wish I was dead, you need to listen and acknowledge their pain. Let them know that you understand that they are hurting, you are there to offer support and you will help them get the help that they need. Get Them the Help They Need If you are a parent or guardian, talk to your childs pediatrician and get a referral to a professional mental health provider. Your childs doctor or therapist may recommend psychotherapy, medications and lifestyle changes that can help reduce the risk of suicide. If you are a teen and you are concerned that your friend is thinking about suicide: Take signs of suicide seriously.Encourage your friend to talk to their doctor or a trusted adult.Talk to a teacher, parent or another adult about your friend and your concerns. How to Help Someone Who Is Suicidal

School Violence Among Male Students Essay - 4213 Words

Introduction: The topic that I will be discussing is school violence among male students. School violence is a major problem in the United Sates, and it is becoming more common. I chose to apply the anomie perspective because I believe that there is a connection between school violence and the absence of social control. According to the anomie perspective, â€Å"Society is not a flat collection of equally resourceful and fortunate individuals. It is constructed in a complex hierarchy where people are discriminatively positioned with differential access to power, status, capital, and opportunities† (page 1). Some people are more fortunate than others. Travis Hirschi is one of the advocates of the control theory, which is similar tho the anomie perspective. In the book Deviant Behavior, Thio, Taylor, and Schwarts state, â€Å"Travis Hirschi assumes that all of us are endowed like animals with the ability to commit deviant acts. Most of us do not take advantage of this ability b ecause of our strong bond to society. Conversely, if our social bond is weak, we will commit deviant acts† (page 27). In most cases, students who take a gun to school and shoot and kill other students do not have strong social bonds, and they feel that others are more fortunate than they are because others are easily able to make friends and form meaningful relationships. They fell that those who have stronger social bonds means that they have a higher status and better opportunities to be find happiness throughShow MoreRelatedEffects of Violence on Adolescence1408 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Violence is a malicious act done by a human being that has the intention of harming or killing another living being. Violence is everywhere: in the home, in the school, and in the community. Violence causes negative effects to humans’ mental health. These negative effects may trigger symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and even anxiety. Symptoms of these disorders can be some of the following: anxiousness, avoidant behavior, feeling a loss of motivation, and feeling of uneasinessRead MoreThe Theory Of Equality And Gender Roles1176 Words   |  5 Pageseducation and in a school, furthermore like an institution or a prison where children learn how to behave in the outside work world. Society on a whole put more value on the work of men than women even if the job itself included both genders. 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However, when it comes to identifying the factors of where the dating violence stems from, I don’t usually see a lot being talked about. For example, where the dating violence is taking place, which neighborhoods dating violence is most commonly happening in. Additionally, the overall question is whether or not the environment the teenagers live in, is putting them at a higherRead MoreEssay on The Citadel1279 Words   |  6 Pagesperspective, society is the dominator and man is the subordinate. All of the actions and occurrences in the Citadel cannot be justified, but explaine d. The violence, homoeroticism, and domination within the ramparts of the school can be more clearly understood using the terms and ideas of Scott. In an institution such as this one, males can come together and are no longer part of the public transcript. They bond together and to form their own refuge, away from the beliefs that society embracesRead MoreEffects Of Gunshot Abuse On The United States1588 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States. In addition, for every fatal shooting, there are roughly three nonfatal shootings. Gun-related crime peaked in the late 1980 s and early 1990 s. Since that time, the United States has made steady improvement in reducing gun-related violence. Gun-related homicides have declined by 33 percent since 1993, including a 35-percent drop in handgun homicides. Meanwhile, from 1992 to 1996, murder rates declined by 20 percent, aggravated assaults by 12 percent, and the overall violent crime rateRead MoreEssay On Ipv1227 Words   |  5 Pagestheir partners. The second aim will be to ascertain the possible markers for IPV among the individuals taking part in the study who do engage in it. The study wil l be a longitudinal study. 4 districts of rural Uttar Pradesh which are the worst affected areas by IPV, will be selected for this study. A school from each district will be chosen and a course structure will be provided to the schools. Half of the male students currently studying in the 10th grade will be taught this course, which will eventuallyRead MoreBullying Is Not New, And It?1638 Words   |  7 PagesEveryone hears the story. It happens almost too much and sometimes just an ordinary day of a teenager’s life. A young teenager comes home crying to her mother that she was picked on at school. Her best friend made fun of what she was wearing, did not sit with her at lunch, and talked about her behind her back. Everyone has gone through this sometime in their life—being teased or picked on. However, when does it come to the point of bullying? The topic of bullying is not new, and it happens to more

The Ghost Of The Late King Hamlet - 1374 Words

Although some may think the ghost of the late King Hamlet in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet is a demon, but the truth is that Hamlet’s father didn t reveal himself to anyone besides Hamlet because he knew his son would avenge his death allowing him to receive divine in Heaven. Throughout the Elizabethan Era no one in that time period knew how much of an influence they would have on all of the world. In Caffery’s words, â€Å"[The] Elizabethan Era was a period of time from 1558 to 1603 known as the golden age in English history. Queen Elizabeth I reigned over England while all around the arts flourished in the society† (Caffrey). William Shakespeare was one of the most iconic writers in this era, for his use of all the genres like history, tragedy, and comedy in his plays and sonnets. During this time people became more comfortable with this unknown that most plays and sonnets included like purgatory, but they were still not comfortable with talking a bout ghosts walking on the earth. Even though each religious leader in the Elizabethan Era set how their people should have thought about Purgatory, they all had the same definition of what it was. Purgatory is defined as, â€Å"‘the prison in which ghosts were normally incarcerated, though they might be allowed to escape now and then to briefly haunt those of the living whose zeal in their behalf was insufficient† (Low). A soul that is repenting their sins in Purgatory is called a Poor Soul unlike the Damned who are the souls inShow MoreRelatedThe Ghost Of Late King Hamlet1816 Words   |  8 PagesWhile reading Hamlet, there are many unanswered questions pop up, which can be very tricky to find a definite answer to. 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The firstRead MoreKing Hamlet By William Shakespeare1641 Words   |  7 Pagesaudience and his readers the freedom to interpret the deeper meaning of his work. Of the many themes in the play â€Å"Hamlet†, the concept of memory is the most influential, specifically, the memory of King Hamlet represented by the ghost. The memory of King Hamlet created an aura of mystery within the play, leaving much of it open to interpretation. Moreover, the memory of the late King Hamlet was the driving force of the plot, initiating many of the important events that occurred within it. Lastly, itRead MoreHamlet : A Fragile Mind1429 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet with a fragile mind as it is with the death of his father and the the commitment made by both his mother and his uncle has been told of a ghost sighting outside of elsinore by the guards of Denmark. He is then asked to watch upon the night to see if it is or is not the ghost of his late father. With everything that has been going on i n Hamlet’s life is he prepared to encounter such a paranormal event; or, is he not in the right state of mind to acknowledge and comprehend his late father’sRead MoreWhen Reading Any Article, Novel Or Play, Readers Are Always1510 Words   |  7 Pagesaudience and his readers the freedom to interpret the deeper meaning of his work. Of all themes in the play â€Å"Hamlet†, the concept of memory is the most influential, more specifically, the memory of King Hamlet represented by the ghost. The memory of King Hamlet created an idea of mystery within the play, leaving much of it open to interpretation. Moreover, the memory of the late King Hamlet was the driving force of the play and initiated many of the important events that occurred within it. LastlyRead MoreHidden Ghost By William Shakespeare1375 Words   |  6 PagesHidden Ghost In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, King Hamlet is killed by Claudius, Prince Hamlet’s uncle. 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Characters Laurence Olivier- Prince Hamlet Eileen Herlie – Queen Gertrude Basil Sydney- King Claudius (current king of Denmark) Jean Simmons- Ophelia (Polonius’s Daughter) Norman Wooland –Horatio (Hamlet’s friend) Felix Aylmer -Polonius John Laurie –FranciscoRead MoreTheme Of Deception In Hamlet1338 Words   |  6 Pagesis a need to conceal the truth and also expose the truth. The play Hamlet written by Shakespeare is built around the central theme of deceit. Deceit is used to cover past mistakes that might have once impacted the characters greatly or to conceal an important secret. Every character indulges in some form of deceit whether it be big or small. The most evident characters, however, used deceit to expose and kill one another. Hamlet used deceit to discover the truth but also deceive oneself. ClaudiusRead MoreHamlet - Why Did Hamlet Delay Killing the King? 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By reviewing Act 1, Scene 1 of Hamlet, the reader is able to establish a clear understanding of events to come. This scene effectively sets a strong mood

WebDesPix Ltd case study questions Free Essays

1. What does the name WebDesPix Ltd tell you about the ownership of the company? It tells us that it is a private limited company; this means that it is in the private sector and it must have the letters ‘Ltd’ after its name. The main features of a private limited company include: * It is owned by the shareholders. We will write a custom essay sample on WebDesPix Ltd case study questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now * It is controlled by the board of directors. * It is managed by appointed managers. * Finance can be gained by borrowing from banks or selling shares. * The profits go to the shareholders of the company, in the form of dividends. Socratic Seminar Questions 2. Give (2 or more) reasons why they may have decided on this type of company? This type of business is more expensive to set up than a sole trader or a partnership, however: * It carries less financial risk for the owners as they have limited liability, which means that if the company goes bust, they only lose the amount of money that they invested in the company and not their personal possessions. * Limited companies are also incorporated which means that the company has a separate legal identity from its owners. Which means that it is the company that can be sued or sue, not the owners. * It also gives the company greater continuity because its existence is not ended by the death or retirement of its owners. 3. Tom and Dee are shareholders. What does this mean? * It means that Tom and Dee are the people who invest money in the company by buying shares, and are therefore called shareholders. It also means that they are the owners of the company. * By buying shares in the company Tom and Dee are entitled to a share of the profits known as dividend. How much dividend a shareholder receives depends on how well the company is performing, the type of share they own, and the number of shares they own. * This also means that as they are shareholders they can elect people to the board of directors to represent their interest and be responsible for the long term strategy of the company. The directors will then appoint managers to be responsible for the day-to-day running of the company. Also, some managers may also be directors and are known as executive directors. In a private limited company the major shareholders, board of directors and managers may all be the same people. 4. They have an overdraft facility. Explain how an overdraft works and say what they might use if for. An overdraft is when a business draws more money from its bank account than it currently has in the account. It has permission from the bank, which sets an agreed limit called an overdraft limit. Interest is payable on the overdraft and this is calculated on a daily basis. An advantage of an overdraft is that money is only borrowed when needed; this means that interest is only paid when the bank account is overdrawn. The big disadvantage about an overdraft is that the bank can insist that it is repaid immediately. However, because of its flexibility an overdraft is probably the most frequently used way to solve a cash flow problem. The table shows the advantages and disadvantages of overdrafts: Advantages of overdrafts Disadvantages of overdrafts Flexibility-can change the amount borrowed within limits. Cannot be used for large borrowing. Interest is only paid on amounts borrowed. Rates of interest higher than loans. Bank can change limit at any time or ask for money to be paid sooner than expected. Used for anything wages, computer repairs etc 5. List 4 products the company offers. * Web design is still the core business of the company, but new services are also offered. * Electronic newsletters. * Domain registrations. * Hosting and search engine optimisation. * The company offers three standard web design packages, this is -budget at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½800 -professional at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 -and executive at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1500 Each package provides a number of web pages, e-mail facilities and the cost of hosting the site. * WDP (WebDesPix Ltd) give a quotation to clients who require non-standard packages (a quotation is just an estimated price for job or service). 6. All their products are marketed online. Explain 3 advantages of this when compared to selling from a shop on the high street. Firstly, buying and selling products online is called e-commerce. The advantages of this include: * Websites can be used to reach wider markets; this means that the internet provides extra marketing possibilities. * The internet can be accessed all over the world-this makes it possible to target potential customers in foreign countries. * A company can put marketing material on its own website, or it could pay to advertise on other websites. * A good website can really help a firm’s competitiveness and increase its market share. * Firms can market and sell goods through their website 24 hours a day, 7 days a week (’24/7†²). * By using the strategy of marketing and selling ’24/7†², it can give e-commerce firms an advantage over the traditional 9-5 businesses, as customers can shop at home, at a time which is convenient to them. 7. The company wants to build up their brand name. List 3 advantages of having a strong brand name. * Businesses will hope that this leads to brand loyalty, where customers will repeat-buy because they prefer the look, taste, quality or image of their products. * If the company’s name becomes established with one product, it may encourage customers to buy different products bearing that name. * Customers can be reasonably sure about the quality they will get with branded goods. 8. What are overheads? Overheads (also called fixed costs or indirect costs) are costs which do not change whether the business produces lots of goods, or produces no goods at all. These are costs which still have to be paid, regardless of output. For example, the rent on a shop will still have to be paid, whether or not the shop has any customers. Examples of overheads are: -interest payment on loans. -managers’ salaries. – Rates payable to the local council. -rent of premises. -gas -electricity -telephone costs -administration costs – and advertising 9. Explain why the company has relatively small overheads. The company has relatively small overheads because it is labour intensive. * It builds and upgrades its own computers. * Vacancies are just advertised on the company’s website and at regular networking meetings with other businesses in the Bristol area. 10. List 2 factors which influenced the company to locate in Bristol. * They could have run the company from anywhere in England, but as they were all from different parts of the country it was easier to locate in Bristol where they had all studied (it was more convenient). * Bristol is a large city with good infrastructure, so transport is not a problem. * There is a university in Bristol, so the business is close to an educated working force. 11. List 3 non-financial fringe benefits available to the employees. * Free lunch each Friday. * The use of a Wii during their breaks. * Free health insurance after six months employment. 12. Give 2 reasons why the company gives fringe benefits. * To motivate their employees so that they feel valued by the company and are therefore more productive as well. * Helps attract and retain better qualified employees. * Improves efficiency and productivity as employees are assured of security for themselves (as well as their families). 13. Some employees receive a monthly bonus based on turnover. Explain bonus. Full-time employees receive a monthly bonus based on turnover. A bonus is a monetary reward. It can be paid within both the time rate and piece rate systems. Under the time rate system, a bonus is paid if the workers reach their production targets, which could be hourly, daily or weekly targets. 14. Explain one advantage of giving these employees a bonus. -this encourages workers to work at their maximum output, and so overcome the problem of the lack of incentive. It also increases the productivity, efficiency and motivation of employees, which may also increase their happiness. 15. Give one disadvantage of giving them a bonus. The disadvantage is that the employees expect a bonus and moral drops sharply when the bonus is not paid. 16. The 2 sales assistants receive commission in addition to their salary. Explain commission. Commission is a monetary incentive that the company can offer in addition to their basic pay. It is a payment to people who are employed in selling the products or services of a business. 17. Explain one advantage of giving these employees commission. This system ensures that employees have to work hard to earn their pay, but if they are successful, their earnings can be unlimited. 18. Give one disadvantage of giving them commission. If they fail to meet the required turnover or sales figures, they receive no commission. 19. List 2 advantages of using email. * It is quick and easy to send emails, as it allows communication easily over a number of sites. * People can keep in touch very easily-as many messages can be sent. * Messages can also be keyed-in and stored until they are needed. * One email can be sent to a number of different people at the same time. * They are very convenient, as multiple attachments can be sent. * It is easier to refer back to emails rather than looking through different pieces of paper. 20. Explain why the company might use video conferencing. Video conferencing is fast becoming more and more popular with companies. It involves using computer links and closed-circuit television, allowing people to hear and see each other. The advantages include: * Saves people travelling to meetings. * Large savings can then be made in terms of time and cost. * Face-to-face communication is possible rather than using telephone or letter. 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Othello Love Essays - Othello, English-language Films, British Films

Othello Love Othello: Not Wisely, but Too Well Essay submitted by Joe Masters William Shakespeare presents an excellent leader but a poor reasoner in Othello. The eponymous hero has strength, charisma, and eloquence. Yet these ideals of leadership do not bode well in real world situations. The battlefield and Senate are, at least in Othello, depicted as places of honor, where men speak truly. In addition, the matters of war and state are relatively simple; no one lies to Othello, all seem to respect him. He never even has to fight in the play, with the enemy disappearing by themselves. This simplistic view does not help him in matters of the heart. His marriage is based on tall tales and pity and his friendships are never examined; he thinks that anyone who knows him love him. Thus the ultimate evaluation of Othello must be that, although he leads well and means well, he lacks good judgement and common sense. This becomes most plainly obvious in his final two speeches, where even though the play ends properly, and in a dignified way, Othello never fully realizes or takes responsibility for what has happened. These two last orations of Othello are noble in speech and purpose, but lack comprehension. He uses the first to attack himself for his horrible deed; certainly this is the first reaction of anyone who has wrongly killed his beloved. He delivers condemnation upon himself with eloquence and anguish. The latter speech he gives in his final role as a leader, directing the men who remain about how to deal with what has happened and showing them he has purged the evil. In his initial self-loathing and remorse at realizing the truth of Desdemona's innocence, Othello is genuinely anguished. This look of thine will hurl my soul from heaven, / And fiends will snatch at it. (V.2.325-326) It is clear that he is in torment because of her death, and because he himself did the deed. For the first time, it appears that Othello is at a loss with what to do with his power: Do you go back dismayed? / Man but a rush against Othello's breast / And he retires. (V.2.320-322) Giving up is hardly Othello's style, but this is how a noble and true man should react when he has mistakenly killed his wife. However, Othello's words give a deeper insight into how he still misunderstands the situation. Who can control his fate? he asks, which gives pause to a theory of pure nobility. Placing responsibility in the stars - he calls Desdemona an ill-starred wench - is hardly a gallant course of action. (V.2.316, 323) It is beyond a doubt Othello's fault that all of this wreckage befalls him, and his still has not had a moment of recognition of his failures at reasoning and understanding. Indeed, it is Othello's final soliloquy that ultimately seals his fate as a man who lacks critical thinking skills. This is because these are his final words, and they deal with fact, not emotion. He addresses the reasons behind his downfall, and decides how he wants others to see him, in terms of the story and how he takes responsibility for it. It is a noble speech, and a dubiously noble ending, but still, like Othello, flawed. The setting for Othello's final moments onstage is critical to how it is perceived by Othello, the other players onstage, and the audience. It lends credence to the nobility of the situation, and adds to Othello's misguided self-perception. The experience, in itself, is perfect. The day is slowly breaking as the first strands of light are filtering through the shutters on Othello's bedroom windows. Othello has moved out of the darkness he was sitting in when he began his first speech, and while standing in light, speaks of how he has been enlightened of what occurred. He holds back the company of men who seek to take him to prison or worse with a hand and Soft, you. With this he also silences the sounds around him, and delivers a noble address, in the light, standing tall. It is an ending suitable for the most dignified of men. And yet, for all the splendor, glory, and excellence of tongue, his final words show that he does not quite understand himself or what he has done. His goal is to tell the emissaries from Venice what has happened, but he lacks insight in his articulation. Every step of his short recitation reveals an inaccuracy